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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, also known as the colon. It is a chronic condition characterized by a combination of various symptoms related to bowel habits, abdominal discomfort, and changes in bowel movements. IBS is considered a functional gastrointestinal disorder, meaning it is a disorder of gut function without any apparent structural or biochemical abnormalities.
The exact cause of IBS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors, including abnormalities in the gut-brain axis, heightened sensitivity of the intestines, altered gut motility, and the presence of certain triggers like stress, diet, and genetics. IBS is typically a diagnosis of exclusion, meaning other serious gastrointestinal conditions must be ruled out before a diagnosis of IBS is made.
The most common symptoms of IBS include:
- Abdominal Pain and Discomfort: Individuals with IBS often experience recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort, which can vary in intensity and may be relieved after bowel movements.
- Altered Bowel Habits: IBS can lead to changes in bowel movements, including diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or a combination of both (IBS-Mixed). The frequency and consistency of bowel movements can fluctuate.
- Bloating and Gas: Many IBS patients experience increased gas production and bloating, which can contribute to abdominal discomfort.
- Urgency: There may be a sense of urgency to have a bowel movement, which can be especially problematic in cases of IBS-D.
- Mucus in Stools: Some individuals with IBS may notice mucus in their stools.
- Feeling of Incomplete Evacuation: After a bowel movement, some people with IBS may still feel like they haven’t completely emptied their bowels.
- Changes with Eating: Certain foods, beverages, and stress can trigger or worsen IBS symptoms, making dietary and lifestyle factors relevant in managing the condition.